"TLDR is that with just a new anode made from carbon nanofibers and sulfur" The new material they discuss is for the cathode side (not anode). That's side wher

"TLDR is that with just a new anode made from carbon nanofibers and sulfur" The new material they discuss is for the cathode side (not anode). That's side where the lithium ions go when the battery is charged. The cathode of traditional Li-ion batteries is made of metal oxides: Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese (lately trying to get rid of the expensive Cobalt). The sulfur cathode promises to remove all of the expensive metals in the cathode and make the cathode much more energy dense. The anode is where the lithium ions go when the battery is being discharged. In traditional batteries the anode is made of carbon fibers (burnt coconut shells). The holy grail of anode is pure lithium anode - there is nothing more energy dense. But the problem with pure lithium is that it tends to get deposited not in an even layer, but in the form of dendrites that eventually poke through the dielectric separator creating a short. In this work they explored lithium anode, but as I understand that was not the main focus. I don't think they solved the dendrites formation problem.