I don't know if this is true in all cases. In some countries, Taxi apps showed up before Uber, a few of them enabling negotiating the cost beforehand, and Uber

I don't know if this is true in all cases. In some countries, Taxi apps showed up before Uber, a few of them enabling negotiating the cost beforehand, and Uber still managed to capture a lot of the market. Sure, those apps might have been a reaction to Uber in other countries, but the fact they were widespread (and sometimes with a great UX) didn't prevent Uber from arriving late but pretty much winning.