They aren't mutually exclusive. If you use numpy, you're using array-oriented, procedural, and object oriented all at once; maybe functional too, depending on y

They aren't mutually exclusive. If you use numpy, you're using array-oriented, procedural, and object oriented all at once; maybe functional too, depending on your programming style. They should be thought of less as all-consuming "paradigms" and more as useful tools, like regex. Sometimes a tool is so powerful you can do everything with it; that doesn't mean it's a good idea!