> The present-day peer-review system evolved from this 18th-century process,[15] began to involve external reviewers in the mid-19th-century,[16] and did not be

> The present-day peer-review system evolved from this 18th-century process,[15] began to involve external reviewers in the mid-19th-century,[16] and did not become commonplace until the mid-20th-century.[17] > While some medical journals started to systematically appoint external reviewers, it is only since the middle of the 20th century that this practice has spread widely and that external reviewers have been given some visibility within academic journals, including being thanked by authors and editors.[18][22] A 2003 editorial in Nature stated that, in the early 20th century, "the burden of proof was generally on the opponents rather than the proponents of new ideas."[23] Nature itself instituted formal peer review only in 1967.[24] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarly_peer_review