The depth of a road (thickness of asphalt and granular layers) is determined largely by the loading (i.e. how many big trucks will be travelling on it). The wi

The depth of a road (thickness of asphalt and granular layers) is determined largely by the loading (i.e. how many big trucks will be travelling on it). The width of a road (# of lanes) is determined mostly by how many vehicles per hour are travelling on it, which means mostly cars. The width of a lane is determined by how many large vehicles per hour are travelling on it, which means buses and trucks. The grade of a road (how steep it is) is generally determined by the lowest weight-to-power ratio, i.e. fully loaded transports The grade of asphalt used is determined by annual average maximum and minimum temperatures, how many heavy vehicles will be using it, and how many vehicles total will be using it (lower grades of asphalt can be used on smaller streets, lower quality binder can used in areas with less temperature variation, and asphalt with higher quantity of coarse aggregate and larger compactive effort has to be used if it's a truck/bus route) The frequency a road is resurfaced is governed by a few things, frequency of heavy road users is a big one (but at least in my local area, the number of freeze-thaw cycles is more important) All that is to say: road damage is largely caused by trucks and freeze-thaw cycles, but cost of the road is largely governed by how many lanes of traffic there are, which is caused by cars. Remove all the cars from your street and a two lane non-divided highway with a passing lane every couple KM would suffice in most places.