The most recent claim in this that I've heard about and on which people are willing to bet money is Numenta's "Hierarchical Temporal Memory" = "HTM". Jeff Hawki

The most recent claim in this that I've heard about and on which people are willing to bet money is Numenta's "Hierarchical Temporal Memory" = "HTM". Jeff Hawkins (of Palm's Graffiti fame) is behind this and he also wrote a book called "On Intelligence" which discusses some of these ideas. It looks like Numenta is making some steady progress in trying to commercialize its HTM technology as well.