As a pointless pedantic nit, Java's type-system is unsound: https://io.livecode.ch/learn/namin/unsound https://io.livecode.ch/learn/namin/unsound But realistic

As a pointless pedantic nit, Java's type-system is unsound: https://io.livecode.ch/learn/namin/unsound https://io.livecode.ch/learn/namin/unsound But realistically, the above doesn't matter. What actually matters is that you often _do_ have to cast at runtime in java, so it's somewhat common to hit type errors at runtime in practice. Haskell's type-system makes runtime type casting both less necessary, and vanishingly rare, meaning such runtime cases are practically never hit. The above is at least true from my personal anecdotal experience.