Anything that floats creates surface area for life to cling on. Water flow can then provide food and oxygen. Puzzlingly oxygen is not a requirement, there is ev

Anything that floats creates surface area for life to cling on. Water flow can then provide food and oxygen. Puzzlingly oxygen is not a requirement, there is even multicellular aneorobic life with methane as the CO2 equivalent. Your system would have a significant impact on life and could cloque up, or become very heavy and sink to the ocean floor. Based on the conservation of mass, Stoichiometry helps you to calculate carbon storage. In sea water calcium is present, corals and mollusks or snails use it to build their shells out of calcium carbonate, which is insoluble in water. Forming the white cliffs of England and many other things over millions of years. The calcium concentration varies alot over the oceans and depth. If the CO2 concentration is high calcium bicarbonate forms, which is soluble in water. Rising levels of that stuff are the cause of ocean acidification. Otherwise calcium carbonate will precipitate out, trapping the CO2. You could calculate the excess mass you are producing this way, in form of calcium carbonate, by Stoichiometry. Just farming snails and mullusks and weighing their shells, you would do the exact same thing. Noting that CO2 is 44 g per mol and calcium carbonate is 100 g per mol 1 kg of sea shells produced is 440 g of CO2 removed, roughly. To certify your metrics you have to calculate a stoichiometry of your complete processes of production, deployment of sattelites, data aquisation ,...,... . If you only use green energy you can cheat a lot here. From this you can then remove your sea shell production offset, with the mentioned mass reduction. This total is your certifyable CO2 reduction, which you can sell to somebody to fudge his certificate.