Typical shell programming idioms are quite dynamic. You can give saner semantics, allowing a fair amount of static checking, without abandoning this dynamicity.

Typical shell programming idioms are quite dynamic. You can give saner semantics, allowing a fair amount of static checking, without abandoning this dynamicity. What Andy Chu has been doing with Oil Shell is promising in this respect. It supports optional type annotations. Cf. https://www.oilshell.org/blog/2021/01/why-a-new-shell.html https://www.oilshell.org/blog/2021/01/why-a-new-shell.html