Not a surgeon, but in my area often it's not even so much that the results conflict with experience in a clinician versus researcher sense (although they often

Not a surgeon, but in my area often it's not even so much that the results conflict with experience in a clinician versus researcher sense (although they often do), but that the research design itself is obviously flawed, in the sense that the assumptions made in the design, or the corners that are cut, or the way the data is massaged, or whatnot, are completely unrealistic, and the conclusions being drawn are completely inappropriate compared to what was done. It might even be that you don't have to be an experienced clinician to tell something is wrong, but an experienced clinician would pick up on the problems immediately just through familiarity. Feynman used the term "cargo cult science" and in my experience it applies to EBM more than any other area I've encountered.