Since heat pumps will likely be bidirectional, this will have the side effect of making air conditioning (or rather in general, active cooling) available to pop

Since heat pumps will likely be bidirectional, this will have the side effect of making air conditioning (or rather in general, active cooling) available to populations that didn't have access before. Whereas they didn't have a choice previously, they'll now have the choice between using energy and sweating, which will likely increase energy usage in summer. OTOH, sunny days will likely have plenty of energy available due to solar, and it will avoid inefficient workarounds like mono units (air conditioners where the hot side is cooled with room air that is then exhausted through a hose typically stuck through a poorly sealed window - it's as inefficient and annoying as it sounds, but often the best you can do in a rented apartment in Europe).