There are so many, but there are three in particular that in my experience are most important and weirdly lacking in a number of organisations: - Type checking

There are so many, but there are three in particular that in my experience are most important and weirdly lacking in a number of organisations: - Type checking (and particularly modern type systems) can remove entire classes of error – often reducing the long-term maintenance cost of code substantially at the cost of (sometimes) slowing down initial development. - Automatic and enforced code formatting and linting eliminates almost all bikeshedding and feedback loops around formatting and code style, and is an observable efficiency improvement. - Continuous integration without a doubt. Build every source control push or PR into an artefact that's ready to deploy, along with validation and automated testing. Basically remove all manual processes from every system to the fullest extent possible. Also, can't stress enough – fix anything that irritates you as soon as you can. Is your IDE failing to resolve some types properly? Fix it. Annoyingly long debug build times? Flaky tests? Stupid manual environment setup scripts? Fix them – you almost always fail to realise how much stress these things are causing you until they are gone.