<< means shift left (moves the bits to the left side) 1 << 1 = 2 because (0001 << 1 = 0010 = 2) 3 << 1 = 6 because (0011 << 1 = 0110 = 6) >> works in the sam

<< means shift left (moves the bits to the left side) 1 << 1 = 2 because (0001 << 1 = 0010 = 2) 3 << 1 = 6 because (0011 << 1 = 0110 = 6) >> works in the same way 2 >> 1 = 1 because (0010 >> 1 = 0001) The other operators are exactly the same you'd find in electronics (and boolean algebra): ~ is the NOT operator & is the AND operator ^ is the XOR operator Sorry, I don't have a visual representation for this (I haven't looked for a link) but I would strongly suggest to write it down on paper and do some small exercises (checking with the result then on your favorite programming language). On a day to day basis, you'd likely not use these operators at all, but as soon as you start decoding protocols or working on a bit-level, those are super useful! I would suggest trying to decode a bitstream protocol to really grasp the concepts: you'd use masks and bitwise operators a lot :) --- Edit: some useful links I've found: https://www.interviewcake.com/concept/java/bit-shift https://www.interviewcake.com/concept/java/bit-shift