Note that many storage devices themselves track errors and provide a well-defined interface to track them. SMART. This is all the more critical for the devices

Note that many storage devices themselves track errors and provide a well-defined interface to track them. SMART. This is all the more critical for the devices with moving parts. IIRC they do distinguish between command/interface errors and medium errors, which is somewhat analogous to the filesys I/O and integrity errors discussed.