> 10 year returns in the range of 2.3%-4.3%. And inflation is at 7% right now. Usually those sorts of estimates are on real returns, so factor in inflation (i

> 10 year returns in the range of 2.3%-4.3%. And inflation is at 7% right now. Usually those sorts of estimates are on real returns, so factor in inflation (i.e. 2.3%-4.3% above inflation). That is about right in historical data over most 10 year periods. That said there have been periods of negative real return, but are you sure this is what Vanguard is predicting?