The answers to these questions are mostly irrelevant since we are only seeing very early prototypes of what the storage industry will use 20 years from now. Th

The answers to these questions are mostly irrelevant since we are only seeing very early prototypes of what the storage industry will use 20 years from now. The objective now is to demonstrate grid scale battery storage is an economically sound proposition, to create an industrial field. With sufficient scale, satisfactory answers to these questions will be found. We know answers exist, for example sodium ion batteries use resources that are essentially unlimited - salt and carbon. It's just that their lower mass capacity, irrelevant in a grid scale battery, meant that they are not interesting for mobility applications, where all the research went until now.