This set of slides specifically addresses an attack on ZFS performance with fragmentation tools. "Btrfs, ext4, F2FS, XFS, ZFS all age - up to 22x on HDD, up to

This set of slides specifically addresses an attack on ZFS performance with fragmentation tools. "Btrfs, ext4, F2FS, XFS, ZFS all age - up to 22x on HDD, up to 2x on SSD." https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b743/7111bf04a803878ebacbc275ba3715bccb18.pdf https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b743/7111bf04a803878ebacbc2... The paper also mentions ZFS: https://www.cs.unc.edu/~porter/pubs/fast17.pdf https://www.cs.unc.edu/~porter/pubs/fast17.pdf