(astronomer here). Some comments below partially answered the question, as modern optical/ir telescopes are based on mirror designs (i.e. they have primary, sec

(astronomer here). Some comments below partially answered the question, as modern optical/ir telescopes are based on mirror designs (i.e. they have primary, secondary, and sometimes the tertiary mirror like the Vera Rubin telescope). But the lenses are still heavily used in the camera part of the instrument or in spectrographs. And there is a lot of know-how there, as well as optimization in terms of minimising light losses, aberrations etc. I think the constraints and goals are clearly different from the cameras in iphones, but I'd think the techniques must be pretty similar (although Apple clearly has a ton of money that astronomers don't so it's possible that there are some big innovations there, that I don't know about).