Yes, in the terahertz band range for example you have very high attenuation of more than 1000 db/km. It's a spectrum (no pun intended), so depending on where yo

Yes, in the terahertz band range for example you have very high attenuation of more than 1000 db/km. It's a spectrum (no pun intended), so depending on where you draw the line on "through earth's atmosphere" in terms of how far you want to transmit, you'll have some frequency where this becomes infeasible or you'll need more directed antennas and/or more transmit power.