We take a small sample out the bioreactor (1-2 milliliters) and run it through HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography). This is manual and labour intensive.

We take a small sample out the bioreactor (1-2 milliliters) and run it through HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatography). This is manual and labour intensive. There are newer techniques like raman spectroscopy which measure products in real time.