Not wrong, but its a feature, rather than a problem. C++(17+) template based metaprogramming far more powerful and generic than what you can do in eg rust. Con

Not wrong, but its a feature, rather than a problem. C++(17+) template based metaprogramming far more powerful and generic than what you can do in eg rust. Converting eg a rust or go or python, or julia, etc library into c++ is pretty straightforward, just use appropriate overloads, and a few template tricks, and you can mostly copy the code directly. But copying between these, or from c++ is much harder. The solution is to learn one approach suitable for the problem you have right now, then widen over time. The many languages of c++ as you describe is less of a problem, the problem is that some approaches are deeply and fundamentally flawed, but still in common use.