I'm willing to be most people who ride an e-bike are seeing an improvement to their fitness. The reason is it wasn't a choice between an e-bike and a road bike.

I'm willing to be most people who ride an e-bike are seeing an improvement to their fitness. The reason is it wasn't a choice between an e-bike and a road bike. Rather it was a choice between an e-bike vs the car or an e-bike vs walking or a long ride on the e-bike vs a short ride on a road bike.