Yes, they pretty opposite. Objects should have identity and can be distinguished by identity alone. They are not referentially transparent because of that. In

Yes, they pretty opposite. Objects should have identity and can be distinguished by identity alone. They are not referentially transparent because of that. In "x = new O(); f(x,x)" you cannot substitute "new O()" into both occurrences of x. Functional values do not have identity and you cannot tell apart 2 and 1+1. Functional values are referentially transparent. In "x = 1; y = x+x" you can change x to 1 in the definition of y.