This is a pretty typical associational/correlational study where unwarranted causality appears as if magic in the post-study journalism. Does happiness cause b

This is a pretty typical associational/correlational study where unwarranted causality appears as if magic in the post-study journalism. Does happiness cause better performance? Does better performance lead to happiness? Is some other factor or confounder behind both? If one were to follow the reasoning of the authors, their data also supports disbanding Active Duty and Reserve in favor of National Guard. The next MITSloane story writes itself--part time workers have higher performance: go go gig economy! Characteristic No award Award Effect size Army Component: n (%) Active duty 412,173 (52.28%) 36,761 (28.30%) 0.54 Reserve 179,790 (22.80%) 1,448 (1.27%) 0.06 National Guard 196,423 (24.91%) 76,234 (66.61%) 2.67 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-021-00441-x/tables/2 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10902-021-00441-x...