As a lay-person, I wondered about using solar power in Africa and then shipping ammonia to Europe (or wherever). https://www.ammoniaenergy.org/articles/round-

As a lay-person, I wondered about using solar power in Africa and then shipping ammonia to Europe (or wherever). https://www.ammoniaenergy.org/articles/round-trip-efficiency-of-ammonia-as-a-renewable-energy-transportation-media/ https://www.ammoniaenergy.org/articles/round-trip-efficiency... says that using fuel cells as transport yields only about 19% efficiency ... but that's comparable to 20% efficiency for fossil fuels. It's much better for stationary projects, up to twice as much. But as you say, it seems much better to build much more solar power capacity locally. If the local utility makes ammonia (or some other form of storage) to store for the winter, that seems to make more economic sense.