> No new technology. The project would eschew new construction techniques, designs, and train cars. Again, this mindset goes against the grain of most subway pl

> No new technology. The project would eschew new construction techniques, designs, and train cars. Again, this mindset goes against the grain of most subway planners, who often pride themselves on delivering the latest in signaling systems, driverless trains, and so on. Melis was keenly aware that new product development is one of the riskiest things any organization can take on, including his own. He wanted none of it. He cared only for what worked and could be done fast, cheaply, safely, and at a high level of quality. He took existing, tried-and-tested products and processes and combined them in new ways. This really hits the mark. There’s a curious dynamic in some software teams, where once they decide to add a few risks (technical, design, whatever), they become more casual about taking on additional risks. Unfortunately, risks multiply together!