It seems quite plausible to me that both of these can be true at the same time: - A certain baseline level of education will make a massive difference, especia

It seems quite plausible to me that both of these can be true at the same time: - A certain baseline level of education will make a massive difference, especially e.g. literacy education in a society where parents are almost all illiterate so organic transfer of literacy skills across generations isn't really a thing. - Much current education spending in first world countries is providing a truly terrible return on investment.