The problem with the argument of turning around the causality is that there are several examples of countries to have spend significantly on education to then m

The problem with the argument of turning around the causality is that there are several examples of countries to have spend significantly on education to then move out of poverty, i.e. where the poverty only reduced after the focus on education. I think you need to come up with some convincing cases that show why the causality should be reversed. Regarding education being a luxury good, I agree you could argue that some of the comments here consider it that. However, that does not mean it is this way from a societies point of view. Regarding your points: [1] My argument was more, that immigrants typically try to go to places where they envision a better future, for themselves, but importantly also for their children. Thus a society that offers good education for future children is obviously attractive. I do agree that education is used as a restriction to immigration, or better more modern societies do not have so much need for unskilled labor, but want skilled immigrants. I guess another point for getting an education, it lets you emigrate to other countries much more easily. [2] Sure, that's a general point about everything not just education. However, it is also still unclear if we have reached diminishing returns for education.