The key development that allowed this was the 2013 development of chromium anodes that tolerate the insane conditions of the process: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.n

The key development that allowed this was the 2013 development of chromium anodes that tolerate the insane conditions of the process: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23657254/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23657254/ So, that's why MOE wasn't around before 2013.