There are a few recent studies that clearly indicate we have barely scratched the surface in understanding both the neurological nature of addiction as well as

There are a few recent studies that clearly indicate we have barely scratched the surface in understanding both the neurological nature of addiction as well as the mechanisms by which programs like 12-steps work. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26306329/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26306329/ "We explore the impact that the molecular neurobiological basis of the 12 steps can have on Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) despite addiction risk gene polymorphisms... It begs the question as to whether "12 steps programs and fellowship" does induce neuroplasticity and continued dopamine D2 receptor proliferation despite carrying hypodopaminergic type polymorphisms"