I've seen lat being half as large as long done two ways. 1) Double the lat resolution and use two different scaling factors for converting each axis to degrees

I've seen lat being half as large as long done two ways. 1) Double the lat resolution and use two different scaling factors for converting each axis to degrees(less fun to debug, but hey, free 2x resolution or repurpose the LSB for something else) 2) Allow intermediate results on latitudes to temporarily enter the no-mans land between 90-180(and southern equivalent), then manually wrap back. > On the JVM unsigned code is going to be a lot clunkier to write Wikipedia has a comparison: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_angular_measurement https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_angular_measurement Having x-y=5 and y-x=-5 can be quite handy, but there's also some concerns about integer overflow in C/C++.