My way of explaining step by step visually is by implementing in Excel: AES https://www.nayuki.io/page/aes-cipher-internals-in-excel https://www.nayuki.io/page/

My way of explaining step by step visually is by implementing in Excel: AES https://www.nayuki.io/page/aes-cipher-internals-in-excel https://www.nayuki.io/page/aes-cipher-internals-in-excel ; DES https://www.nayuki.io/page/des-cipher-internals-in-excel https://www.nayuki.io/page/des-cipher-internals-in-excel . Also relevant: https://www.righto.com/2014/09/mining-bitcoin-with-pencil-and-paper.html https://www.righto.com/2014/09/mining-bitcoin-with-pencil-an...