I cannot login to three of my bank accounts (even on the web), authenticate with several services used in my job, or approve some card payments without installe

I cannot login to three of my bank accounts (even on the web), authenticate with several services used in my job, or approve some card payments without installed apps on my phone. It is assumed you have a device. Not installing isn't a reasonable option. You may think "just choose different banks, jobs and cards" but suitable alternatives were not available. Having a second device would be ok, but very inconvenient and a little expensive due to needing multiple mobile contracts. If those apps start to include more user hostile features such as spam and data collection, if there are no suitable alternatives we will live with those features. To some extent I am already seeing spam in bank apps, in the form of interstitials advertising shady third party services. At the moment the app store policies and human review offer some buffer against those features being pervasively standard for such apps, but it's not hard to imagine a dystopian future where all e.g. BankId apps that are required to make payments for food everywhere all seem to have built-in spamvertising and tracking functions that no technical measures like sandboxing can prevent.