This is one justification for racial admissions quotas. It ignores how black students admitted to Harvard often come not from the descendants of enslaved Americ

This is one justification for racial admissions quotas. It ignores how black students admitted to Harvard often come not from the descendants of enslaved Americans but high-income first generation African immigrant families, or how many white students such as the children of coal miners and steelworkers have also suffered historical disadvantages. It also ignores how economically-disadvantaged Asian families have successfully used merit-based admissions as a ladder out of poverty, and how racial admissions quotas pull that ladder out of reach for many.