Also, there are some instances of the government building its own data centers. Raytheon used to own the computing infrastructure for basically the entire NRO,

Also, there are some instances of the government building its own data centers. Raytheon used to own the computing infrastructure for basically the entire NRO, and had their own commercial cloud offering built on top of OpenStack they called "EVE" but it never ended up being used outside of this single client and has since been effectively abandoned going forward now that C2S exists using AWS in classified data centers run by Amazon. There is still a limited subset of NRO programs using something called the "AUE" or Agency Unique Equipment, however, which is another Raytheon contract called Palinode, and this serves applications with extremely specific hardware needs that Amazon can't currently meet, i.e. FPGAs, ASICs, non x86/ARM architectures, bare metal clusters with guaranteed not-shared Infiniband SANs, but it will probably one day go away when commercial cloud providers are eventually able to do that, too.