They back into those factors by adjusting for both time and place, at the relevant thresholds. The "Human Development Index" correlates pretty strongly with inc

They back into those factors by adjusting for both time and place, at the relevant thresholds. The "Human Development Index" correlates pretty strongly with income, such that you can say: at this (adjusted) income thresholds, people can afford X,Y,Z and the next threshold, they can also afford a,b,c. A more complex measure is the Multidimensional Poverty Index, which tracks Health+Eduction+StandardOfLiving, but even then the standard of living pretty closely aligns with income measures.