> On the other hand, that means that services built over-the-top pay a higher cloud tax. Not sure how this one plays out. It’s unlikely services will continue

> On the other hand, that means that services built over-the-top pay a higher cloud tax. Not sure how this one plays out. It’s unlikely services will continue to build on top and pay a high cloud tax for two reasons: 1. It’s not safe to bet on any entity remaining at the top forever, applies to corporations being on the top of their game too. 2. Tech tends to be an upward moving pendulum as it converges on an optimal solution. Back in the day, companies owned most of their stack from top down (initial position of pendulum) and now companies own only the top part of their stack by building on top of Azure/AWS/GCP (pendulum swing). There’ll be a pendulum swing back but it’ll be an improvement over the status quo for at least some use cases. It’s likely new technologies and regulations will make building/owning deep vertical stacks a viable option and it’ll be worth it for some use cases. For example, visual/audio stacks should be deep and owned by an entity, I suspect there’s a large margin of improvement in this area that can be attained with fine-tuned vertical stacks (e.g. https://tonari.no/ https://tonari.no/ is doing some low level stuff to build a better audio/visual experience in meetings). I think companies like https://oxide.computer/ https://oxide.computer/ will inadvertently, collectively help make building deep vertical stacks an option on the table.