The US has multiple such systems that serve different purposes. We have a passive monitoring system (VAERS) that you might be referring to in data quality issue

The US has multiple such systems that serve different purposes. We have a passive monitoring system (VAERS) that you might be referring to in data quality issue. It’s for identifying side effects for further study, and it’s explicitly but for estimating risk. That doesn’t stop people from publishing studies based on data they try to filter and verify validate from VAERS. We also have the vaccine safety datalink, which is intended for causal and quantitative studies of the things surfaced in VAERS, etc. it’s based on electronic health record integration across a network of hospitals covering I think about 3% of the US population. It is public as in publicly funded I guess, but not as in public access. You can read the first report here: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.15072 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.15072 I am reasonably sure the UK has a similar setup, with some passive monitoring system and a much better health record integration story through NHS.