> Because of professional licensure, and all it entails, Engineers can give a hard NO to the wants and desires of management. Programmers will never have that k

> Because of professional licensure, and all it entails, Engineers can give a hard NO to the wants and desires of management. Programmers will never have that kind of clout. Just because you have a PE license and you say "No", doesn't mean the firm contracting you will continue hiring you. In reality, engineers are under a lot of pressure to acquiesce to the demands of management (who is generally an engineer also due to regulations). This is why external auditors/inspectors come in and offer independent analysis. These _external auditors_ are not under the same organizational pressures that engineers in the firm/being contracted are. It has only somewhat to do with licensure and more to do with oversight.