it's already illegal to cause a plane to crash, regardless of the mechanism used, and the legality of the mechanism generally has no bearing on its effectivenes

it's already illegal to cause a plane to crash, regardless of the mechanism used, and the legality of the mechanism generally has no bearing on its effectiveness...! but, gps (or other gndss) spoofing or jamming is effective, and i think that commercially available jammers simply broadcast reasonably broad spectrum noise around that frequency, which can overwhelm nearby recievers; although the article describes how noise rejection is performed, it has its limits. spoofing is more difficult, but still possible, including simple re-broadcast attacks using data received at another location, however i believe these things are non-trivial for military receivers due to countermeasures like beam steering?