I think this varies widely so any generalization needs many caveats… but I don’t think you can assume that. What I’ve usually seen is that water service, ie the

I think this varies widely so any generalization needs many caveats… but I don’t think you can assume that. What I’ve usually seen is that water service, ie the cost of filtration and sewage treatment and maintaining pumps, is paid by user fees. Water infrastructure - the actual pipes - are usually considered capital projects and maintained out of different funds. But again the details vary on a subdivision by subdivision level not to mention state to state.