I think this implementation and explanation is better: https://github.com/wlad-svennik/memoized_coduals https://github.com/wlad-svennik/memoized_coduals In a w

I think this implementation and explanation is better: https://github.com/wlad-svennik/memoized_coduals https://github.com/wlad-svennik/memoized_coduals In a way, the codual numbers are not a different object on a purely mathematical level from the dual numbers. They are merely a different way of representing dual numbers on a computer.