> Before iPhone, operating systems and the web were wide open for computation. You could install everything you wanted. That wasn’t always true of phones (pre-

> Before iPhone, operating systems and the web were wide open for computation. You could install everything you wanted. That wasn’t always true of phones (pre-iPhone smartphones), PDAs, games consoles, workstations, or some mainframes. Platform owners requiring license fees for on developers on their platform, using their dev tools, was not invented by Apple.