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In the Princess of the Yen book it was shown that in the post-war Japan BoJ was primarily controlling amount of credit creation (in addition to selecting sector
by fuoqi 5y ago
In the Princess of the Yen book it was shown that in the post-war Japan BoJ was primarily controlling amount of credit creation (in addition to selecting sectors which got it) and that interest rate was a just secondary tool. If a central bank does not have such degree of control over its domestic banks, then it has to use the rate policy, but it's a quite blunt instrument with significantly lagging response (since you can not easily cure systematic risk-aversion, even if loans are dirt cheap). But there is another tool which can be used by colluding with domestic government: debt monetization (a.k.a. "money printing"). It results in the financial system being flushed with newly created base money, thus reducing the need for additional credit. As noted in other comments: many have option to leverage, but prefer not to. Not only because future looks too uncertain, but also because today they have enough cash to get by.