Each time the incumbent A snuffs out such a competitor, they have to give away a lot of cash. While financing this might become profitable after the competitor

Each time the incumbent A snuffs out such a competitor, they have to give away a lot of cash. While financing this might become profitable after the competitor goes bankrupt and A raises prices again, there is a continuous stream of competitors trying to profit, which might erode A's capital to a point where it's not worth dumping. There is also the risk of a bankrupt competitor open-sourcing their product out of either spite or benevolence, significantly and permanently demonetizing the product in question, damaging A (the dumper's) finances. And yet another risk is the competitor not going bankrupt, but merely scaling down while A is done with its dumping. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_policy) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_policy)