I think that upwork will first try hard to recover money from the client (and they will get the client into collection if the chargeback is fraudulent). Then, u

I think that upwork will first try hard to recover money from the client (and they will get the client into collection if the chargeback is fraudulent). Then, upwork will dispute chargebacks if chargebacks do not seem to be valid (so-called friendly fraud). But if the chargeback is valid and the client is really using a stolen CC, they will check if there is some suspicious activity in the relationship between the client and the contractor. If there is no clear proof (no screenshot logging) and similar login locations + VPN, then they will assume this is orchestrated CC fraud. So Robin committed fraud and scammed the contractor. Sadly, Upwork will not protect a contractor if the contract and the scammer had a “trusting” relationship (no screenshots, etc.).