This is crazy. As far as I can tell, responsibility for payment/refund should fall to: 1) The entity ordering and accepting the work 2) The entity coordin

This is crazy. As far as I can tell, responsibility for payment/refund should fall to: 1) The entity ordering and accepting the work 2) The entity coordinating payment In the case of 1), the work was performed and the output approved and received. So it seems pretty obvious that the money is owed by them to the freelancer. In the case of 2), this entity bears responsibility for ensuring that payment is done properly. Things like, is the person paying the same as the card owner. (Btw, it sure seems like "paying with a card for an account that is not yours" is tantamount to fraud.) In other words, either the client or Upwork should be on the hook, but DEFINITELY not the freelancer.