> Then over time they serve as a barrier to entry, essentially creating artificial monopolies and anti-competitive market stagnation This usually happens when

> Then over time they serve as a barrier to entry, essentially creating artificial monopolies and anti-competitive market stagnation This usually happens when there is already a natural monopoly (or near to) - and usually results from regulatory capture [1]. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_capture