Java is terrible in this regard, as most file APIs use "java.lang.String" to identify the filename, which most of the time depends on the system property "file.

Java is terrible in this regard, as most file APIs use "java.lang.String" to identify the filename, which most of the time depends on the system property "file.encoding". With the result that there will be files that you can never read from a java application if the filename encoding does not match the java file.encoding encoding.