> Colleges do. At least, liberal arts colleges do. This is the ideal. Sadly, reality rarely actually measures up. What liberal arts colleges most commonly do

> Colleges do. At least, liberal arts colleges do. This is the ideal. Sadly, reality rarely actually measures up. What liberal arts colleges most commonly do in practice is assign lots of work that assumes that students can think critically in all the ways you describe, and expect that either they've already learned it, or they will learn it in order to be able to actually complete the work. There are certainly individual professors at most liberal arts colleges who take it upon themselves to explicitly teach such things, and there are a few that even have a robust enough "core curriculum" that it includes at least one class explicitly focused on those skills, but by and large, there is no formal, explicit teaching of skills like critical thinking in higher education.